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China:
National name:
Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo
Languages:
Standard Chinese (Mandarin/Putonghua), Yue (Cantonese),
Wu (Shanghaiese), Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan (Hokkien-Taiwanese),
Xiang, Gan, Hakka dialects, minority languages
Ethnicity/race: Han Chinese 91.9%, Zhuang, Uygur,
Hui, Yi, Tibetan, Miao, Manchu, Mongol, Buyi, Korean,
and other nationalities 8.1%
National
Holiday: Anniversary of the Founding of the People's
Republic of China, October 1
Religions:
Officially atheist; Daoist (Taoist), Buddhist, Christian
3%–4%, Muslim 1%–2% (2002 est.)
Literacy rate:
90.9% (2006 est.)
Economic
summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $8.8 trillion; per
capita $6,600. Real growth rate: 8.7% (official data).
Inflation: –0.8%. Unemployment: 4.3% official registered
unemployment in urban areas; substantial unemployment
and underemployment in rural areas. Arable land: 15%.
Agriculture: rice, wheat, potatoes, corn, peanuts, tea,
millet, barley, apples, cotton, oilseed; pork; fish.
Labor force: 798 million (2006); agriculture 45%,
industry 24%, services 31% (2006 est.). Industries:
mining and ore processing, iron, steel, aluminum, and
other metals, coal; machine building; armaments;
textiles and apparel; petroleum; cement; chemicals;
fertilizers; consumer products, including footwear,
toys, and electronics; food processing; transportation
equipment, including automobiles, rail cars and
locomotives, ships, and aircraft; telecommunications
equipment, commercial space launch vehicles, satellites.
Natural resources: coal, iron ore, petroleum, natural
gas, mercury, tin, tungsten, antimony, manganese,
molybdenum, vanadium, magnetite, aluminum, lead, zinc,
uranium, hydropower potential (world's largest).
Exports: $1.2 trillion (2009 est.): machinery and
equipment, plastics, optical and medical equipment, iron
and steel. Imports: $921.5 billion (2009 est.):
machinery and equipment, oil and mineral fuels,
plastics, optical and medical equipment, organic
chemicals, iron and steel. Major trading partners: U.S.,
Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, Germany, Taiwan (2004).
Communications: Telephones: main lines in use:
350.43 million (2005); mobile cellular: 437.48 million
(2006). Radio broadcast stations: AM 369, FM 259,
shortwave 45 (1998). Television broadcast stations:
3,240 (of which 209 are operated by China Central
Television, 31 are provincial TV stations and nearly
3,000 are local city stations) (1997). Internet hosts:
232,780 (2006). Internet users: 123 million (2006).
Transportation: Railways: total: 71,898 (2002).
Highways: total: 1,870,661 km; paved: 1,515,797 km (with
at least 34,288 km of expressways) ; unpaved: 354,864 km
(2004). Waterways: 123,964 km (2003). Ports and harbors:
Dalian, Guangzhou, Nanjing, Ningbo, Qingdao, Qinhuangdao,
Shanghai. Airports: 486 (2006 est.).
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