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Russia
National name: Rossiyskaya Federatsiya
Languages: Russian, many minority languages
Ethnicity/race: Russian 79.8%, Tatar 3.8%, Ukrainian
2%, Bashkir 1.2%, Chuvash 1.1%, other or unspecified
12.1% (2002)
Religions: Russian Orthodox 15%–20%, other Christian
2%, Islam 10%–15% (2006 est.; includes practicing
worshippers only)
Literacy rate: 100% (2003 est.)
Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $2.116
trillion; per capita $15,100. Real growth rate: –7.9%.
Inflation: 11.9%. Unemployment: 8.9%. Arable land: 7%.
Agriculture: grain, sugar beets, sunflower seed,
vegetables, fruits; beef, milk. Labor force: 75.1
million; agriculture 4.6%, industry 39.1%, services
56.3% (2007 est.). Industries: complete range of mining
and extractive industries producing coal, oil, gas,
chemicals, and metals; all forms of machine building
from rolling mills to high-performance aircraft and
space vehicles; defense industries including radar,
missile production, and advanced electronic components,
shipbuilding; road and rail transportation equipment;
communications equipment; agricultural machinery,
tractors, and construction equipment; electric power
generating and transmitting equipment; medical and
scientific instruments; consumer durables, textiles,
foodstuffs, handicrafts. Natural resources: wide natural
resource base including major deposits of oil, natural
gas, coal, and many strategic minerals, timber; note:
formidable obstacles of climate, terrain, and distance
hinder exploitation of natural resources. Exports:
$295.6 billion (2009 est.): petroleum and petroleum
products, natural gas, wood and wood products, metals,
chemicals, and a wide variety of civilian and military
manufactures. Imports: $196.8 billion (2009 est.):
machinery and equipment, consumer goods, medicines,
meat, sugar, semifinished metal products. Major trading
partners: Netherlands, Germany, Ukraine, Italy, China,
U.S., Switzerland, Turkey, Japan, Kazakhstan, France
(2004).
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